Tuesday, December 24, 2019
The Field Of Information Retrieval And Web Analysis
ABSTRACT Opinions play a crucial role in the decision making process. Analysis in the field of making decisions and setting policies has shown that sentiment analysis and Opinion mining has become increasingly important in the field of Information Retrieval and Web analysis. In the past years, the growth of user generated data in web forums, social networking sites and other social platforms is tremendous, which diverts our study towards mining the opinions on web. In this paper, we have presented a novel methodology to classify the tweets and the complete opinion mining system is explained on the basis of survey and analysis. A flowchart has been proposed in which the overall picture of classification of twitter data has been proposed and accuracy of the evaluation strategies by various supervised learning algorithms has been evaluated. Review data is collected for various product domains from micro blogging sites like twitter, face book. Keywords Opinions, Web mining, Sentiment Analysis, Supervised Learning, Mining. 1. INTRODUCTION In recent years, we have witnessed that a huge amount of opinionated text is available which have greatly influenced our social and political systems. Twitter messages posted online is about 250 millions per day which forces the organizations to observe their status and brands by extracting and analyzing the sentiments of the tweets shared online. To keep track of products and brands on the basis of their positive or negative views can be doneShow MoreRelatedThe Field Of Bioinformatics Is The Process Of Technology1598 Words à |à 7 Pagesown words, describe what the field of bioinformatics is; write one paragraph (about 300 words) about this; be very descriptive. The field of bioinformatics is the process of technology by the use of computers (BioPlanet, 2015). This field manages biological information (BioPlanet, 2015). 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Performing a SWOT analysis technique would be very beneficial at this point and will serve as the baseline to elaborate on a strategic plan for the organization.Read MoreWeb Intelligence And Its Usefulness1543 Words à |à 7 PagesAbstract In the world of Information Technology (IT), there are many areas and disciplinary of research available and Web Intelligence (WI) is one of the new sub disciplinary of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Advanced IT. When AI and IT is implemented on web it defines WI. WI is used to develop web ââ¬â empowered system, Wisdom Web, Web Mining, web site automation, etc. In this paper, detail discussion is done on Web Intelligence and its usefulness in developing intelligent web. Many literatures areRead MoreMy Plans for Postgraduate Studies and Career Interests Essay638 Words à |à 3 Pagesrelevant field. I envision myself pursuing a career in academia and research in future which will allow me to contribute those fields with my foremost interest. My sense of interest in research and its aspects began while I was an undergraduate. Throughout my undergraduate studies, I was exposed to various aspects of computer science and engineering. And this exposure helped me to develop as a computer engineer with a broader knowledge. But without an in-depth study on specific fields especiallyRead MoreUsing Lucene And Clustering Libraries2077 Words à |à 9 Pagesand determine how they were audited. Result shows how frequently the near miss occurs. User can have comparison resolution and analysis base on best similar records on safety auditing process. Final system suggests the predicted matches based on first hits stream data; this has been achieved by two step similarity functions, which built and developed similar incidents in web platform using Lucene and Clustering libraries. The K-means clustering and logistic regression methods has been trained to beRead MoreWeb 3.0 Overview1432 Words à |à 6 Pages Business information systems Web 3.0 Overview The advent of technology influences the business community and the same is true about the new internet platform, the Web 3.0. Within the specific business context, the more notable application is revealed by the enhanced ability of the economic agents to better identify and target specific customer segments. In other words, Web 3.0 leads to an increased efficiency of the marketing processes. At the level of specific applications within the businessRead MoreThe Issues On Multimedia Mining2951 Words à |à 12 PagesISSUES ON MULTIMEDIA MINING ABSTRACT Data mining has popular technology for extracting interesting information for multimedia data sets, such as audio, video, images, graphics, speech, text and combination of several types of data set. Multimedia data are unstructured data or semi-structured data. These data are stored in multimedia database, multimedia mining which is used to find information from large multimedia database system, using multimedia techniques and powerful tools. This paper analyzes
Monday, December 16, 2019
Succubus Heat CHAPTER 5 Free Essays
string(98) " the bookstore really could function without me, but the motherly instinct kicked in nonetheless\." Jerome was waiting for me in my apartment as soon as I stepped through the door. ââ¬Å"You have some nerve,â⬠he growled. I set my suitcase down. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus Heat CHAPTER 5 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Normally that tone of voice would have set me hiding, but I was in no mood to listen to him now after my long drive-or rather, lack of a drive. Thereââ¬â¢d been an accident that had put traffic at a standstill, and Iââ¬â¢d sat in my car for a very long and very annoying time. ââ¬Å"Look, Cedric told me to,â⬠I said, crossing my arms as though they might actually shield me from him. ââ¬Å"I didnââ¬â¢t do anything wrong.â⬠ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re not supposed to do what he says.â⬠Jerome sat on the arm of my couch and flicked his cigarette over a nearby ashtray, which I took as a great courtesy on his part. ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re supposed to do what I say.â⬠ââ¬Å"He told me to go home. He didnââ¬â¢t have anything for me to do until the Satanists had their breakfast meeting.â⬠Jeromeââ¬â¢s glare momentarily faltered. ââ¬Å"What are you talking about?â⬠ââ¬Å"What are you talking about? Iââ¬â¢m talking about Cedric sending me home early.â⬠ââ¬Å"And Iââ¬â¢m talking about your failure to notify me of his little stunt last night.â⬠Last night? I racked my brain. Last night Iââ¬â¢d been killing time shopping and destroying a manââ¬â¢s self-esteem. To my knowledge, Cedric had done nothing after I left except continue his quest to destroy Wikipediaââ¬â¢s informative empire. ââ¬Å"Whatââ¬â¢d he do?â⬠I asked. ââ¬Å"I didnââ¬â¢t even see him.â⬠Jerome didnââ¬â¢t answer right away, his face thoughtful. I realized then he was reassessing his initial anger. It wasnââ¬â¢t my early return that had upset him. ââ¬Å"There was a vampire brawl last night,â⬠he said finally. ââ¬Å"Somehow, a few of them thought their hunting ground lines had been rearranged. So they started roaming into othersââ¬â¢ areasâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ââ¬Å"â⬠¦and bad things ensued.â⬠Vampires were as territorial as demons in some ways. Vampires had specific areas that they guarded to stalk victims and were very touchy about other vampires using them. The archdemon of a region usually drew up vampiric lines and enforced them through force and will. ââ¬Å"Unfortunately, yes. Grace and Mei are still sorting it out.â⬠A panicked thought suddenly struck me. ââ¬Å"Are Cody and Hugh okay?â⬠He shrugged. ââ¬Å"A little bruised and battered, but nothing that wonââ¬â¢t heal on its own.â⬠My fear was unfounded, of course. Lesser immortals, like vampires and succubi, couldnââ¬â¢t kill each other, and we healed extremely quickly. Still, the instinct to worry about my friends was one that would never leave me. ââ¬Å"Why were you yelling at me over this? I certainly didnââ¬â¢t have anything to do with it.â⬠ââ¬Å"Because the vampires who thought theyââ¬â¢d been reassigned got official notification that said they had: a stamped and sealed demonic missive. They thought it was from me.â⬠ââ¬Å"But it wasnââ¬â¢t,â⬠I guessed, seeing where he was going with this. Jerome had the area comfortably parceled out and would have no desire to change the status quo. He was too lazy. ââ¬Å"There was no name?â⬠ââ¬Å"No, clearly. But they donââ¬â¢t need it-not if the seal is good. It was, and only another demon could have drawn something like that up.â⬠ââ¬Å"And so you assumed Cedric did it,â⬠I finished. Jerome nodded. ââ¬Å"Yes, and Iââ¬â¢m going to let him know exactly what I think of this. Iââ¬â¢m not happy over that-or you slacking off in reporting his activities to me.â⬠ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re giving my spying ability more credit than I deserve here,â⬠I warned. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s kind of limited. Heââ¬â¢s not really sharing his inner secrets with me, and anyway, he already knows thatââ¬â¢s what you want me to do.â⬠ââ¬Å"Of course he does.â⬠I sighed. ââ¬Å"Look, if you want my opinionâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ The look Jerome gave me suggested he really didnââ¬â¢t put a lot of stock in my opinion. ââ¬Å"â⬠¦I donââ¬â¢t think Cedricââ¬â¢s the type to do anything like that. Heââ¬â¢s more interested in Web surfing.â⬠ââ¬Å"After all this time with demons, you really should know better than that, Georgie.â⬠Jerome smashed his cigarette into the ashtray and stood up. ââ¬Å"Yeah, yeah, I know, you sound just like Nan-â⬠I frowned. His wording had tickled a memory. ââ¬Å"Oh, I do have some info for you. Cedric was meeting with Nanette.â⬠Jerome had been straightening his sleeve, but his head jerked toward me at the mention of the archdemonessââ¬â¢s name. ââ¬Å"Nanette?â⬠The word was carefully enunciated, icy in its tone. I relayed what I knew. Jeromeââ¬â¢s face grew dark as I spoke. Whatever his thoughts on the new development were, however, he didnââ¬â¢t share them with me. ââ¬Å"Looks like you might be doing your job after all.â⬠He paused. ââ¬Å"But why are you back?â⬠ââ¬Å"Thereââ¬â¢s nothing to do until Saturday. Cedric sent me home.â⬠I held my breath, waiting for him to blow up, but it didnââ¬â¢t come. ââ¬Å"Well, seeing as you arenââ¬â¢t being too much of a bitch for a change, I suppose thatââ¬â¢s okay.â⬠By that wording, I was apparently still being kind of a bitch. Jerome vanished. Aubrey immediately came out from behind the couch, giving me the censuring look cats always give owners who have been away for a while. I knelt down and scratched her chin. She was solid white with a few black specks on her forehead, often giving the impression that she couldnââ¬â¢t keep her head clean. ââ¬Å"Yeah, I know,â⬠I told her. ââ¬Å"Believe me, I donââ¬â¢t want to go back there either.â⬠Glancing at the clock, I saw that it was dinnertime. Too early to see the vampires quite yet, particularly since the days were getting longer. Iââ¬â¢d have to wait until after sunset to get their version of the bloodsucking showdown. I gave Aubrey a few more conciliatory pats and then straightened up to call Dante. He didnââ¬â¢t answer, and I wondered if he actually had a customer for a change. When not concocting vile spells, he made his living giving fake Tarot and palm readings. I left a message, telling him I was back. With time on my hands, I started fretting about Emerald City. I knew the bookstore really could function without me, but the motherly instinct kicked in nonetheless. You read "Succubus Heat CHAPTER 5" in category "Essay examples" And since I did have the time, I decided to go over and check on things. As expected, all was well. It was almost seven, and people on their way home from work were stopping in to pick up things. Business was steady but not crazy. ââ¬Å"Georgina! Youââ¬â¢re back.â⬠Iââ¬â¢d been watching the registers from a distance and turned to see Maddie standing behind me, lugging a cardboard display for a new book coming out tomorrow. I smiled. No matter how hard things had been for me with her and Seth, there was something about her bright, open personality that could lighten dark moods. ââ¬Å"For a while. I just wanted to check on things.â⬠She grinned back. ââ¬Å"Thatââ¬â¢s just like you. Get time off, and come back to work. How are things? Still crazy?â⬠I shrugged. ââ¬Å"Yeah, a little. But itââ¬â¢s nothing I canââ¬â¢t manage. Iââ¬â¢m hoping itââ¬â¢ll improve soon.â⬠ââ¬Å"Is it something that might improve with a drink?â⬠She wore a mischievous look, and I couldnââ¬â¢t help but laugh. ââ¬Å"Only if Iââ¬â¢m drinking alone. Youââ¬â¢re still here for a couple more hours.â⬠ââ¬Å"Nope. I had to come in early to cover someone, so Janice is going to close.â⬠It was always nice if a manager could close, but Janice was certainly competent enough. I hesitated. Iââ¬â¢d been avoiding Maddie since Christmas, but before Seth, Iââ¬â¢d always really liked her a lot. Weââ¬â¢d had a lot of good times together, and our personalities clicked well. Seth wasnââ¬â¢t here now, and a drink suddenly seemed like an even better way to pass the time than doing managerial things when I wasnââ¬â¢t actually required to do them. ââ¬Å"Okay.â⬠She finished up, and about fifteen minutes later, we stepped outside. I got a cigarette out automatically, then paused. ââ¬Å"Do you mind?â⬠ââ¬Å"Nah. I donââ¬â¢t like them, but itââ¬â¢s okay. Where do you want to go?â⬠ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t know.â⬠I reached for my lighter, remembered it was out, and pulled out the matches instead. I ran my fingers over its cover and frowned. ââ¬Å"You want to go to Markââ¬â¢s Mad Martini Bar?â⬠Markââ¬â¢s was at the top of Queen Anne Hill, making for a rather steep hike. Living around here, I did it fairly regularly, but Maddie was breathing hard when we reached the bar. ââ¬Å"Man,â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"I need to go to the gym more.â⬠I held the door open for her. ââ¬Å"Do this every day, and you wonââ¬â¢t need to.â⬠ââ¬Å"I think I need a little more than that.â⬠Her weight was a continual source of worry for her. ââ¬Å"I think I need to pick up some weird sport. You want to start playing squash with me?â⬠ââ¬Å"Why squash?â⬠ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t know. Never tried it. Figured I should.â⬠Along with the other changes in her life, Maddie had recently adopted an attitude of getting out there and trying new things. Before my recent funk, Iââ¬â¢d had kind of a similar view. Faced with centuries of existence, Iââ¬â¢d found experimenting with new activities was a great distraction. There was always something new to learn in the world. Markââ¬â¢s was dimly lit, done in matte black d?à ¦cor. I flipped through the expansive drink menu, which upheld the restaurantââ¬â¢s name. When the waiter came around, I ordered a martini called First Blush: white chocolate liqueur, Chambord, and vodka. The menu called for Stoli, but I asked for Grey Goose. ââ¬Å"You ever considered dancing?â⬠I asked Maddie. ââ¬Å"It can be a good workout. Youââ¬â¢re less likely to get hit in the head too.â⬠Maddie had ordered Sing the Blues: Blue Curacao, pineapple juice, and Ketel One. Her face lit up. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ve always wanted to. Doug said you used to teach swing at the bookstore.â⬠ââ¬Å"Yeah, I did some group lessons last fall. My friend Cody helped me.â⬠A pleasant wave of nostalgia swept me as I recalled those days. Things had been simpler, and Iââ¬â¢d had a lot of fun teaching my friends and co-workers while doing one of my favorite activities. ââ¬Å"I wish Iââ¬â¢d been there,â⬠she said wistfully. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m kind of uncoordinated, but you knowâ⬠¦if I donââ¬â¢t try, how will I learn?â⬠ââ¬Å"Maddie, you should be doing motivational speaking.â⬠She laughed. ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t know about that. But Iââ¬â¢d do dance lessons if you ever taught again. Hint, hint.â⬠The waiter returned with our drinks. I nearly died when I tasted mine. It was an 80 proof, raspberry dream. ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t know. The staff pretty much learned all they could with swing.â⬠ââ¬Å"Then teach something else. Doug says you know every kind of dance in the world. Iââ¬â¢d help you organize it.â⬠ââ¬Å"Maybe Iââ¬â¢ll do salsa or something,â⬠I told her, not sure if I meant it. ââ¬Å"When all this dramaââ¬â¢s over.â⬠ââ¬Å"Is there anything I can do to help? You know that Iââ¬â¢m here if you need something.â⬠The earnestness and compassion on her face made a lump form in my throat. Iââ¬â¢d spent the last few months hating her, but her friendship and faith in me had never faltered. Suddenly feeling guilty, I glanced away from her eyes. ââ¬Å"Nah, donââ¬â¢t worry. Iââ¬â¢ll deal with it.â⬠Silence fell, silence that bothered me immensely. I felt a need to give something back to her for her kindness. My thoughts from a few nights ago about moving flashed into my head. I glanced back up. ââ¬Å"Maybe you can help me find a new place, though.â⬠As Iââ¬â¢d hoped, her face grew eager at the proposal. ââ¬Å"Really? Youââ¬â¢re going to move?â⬠ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t know for sure. Just thought it might be time for a change.â⬠Maddie became even more excited. ââ¬Å"What are you looking for?â⬠ââ¬Å"Not sure about that either,â⬠I admitted. ââ¬Å"The only thing Iââ¬â¢m sure of is that I want to try something outside of Queen Anne.â⬠ââ¬Å"Okay, thatââ¬â¢s a good start. How big? New construction or historic? Do you want to keep renting? The condo marketââ¬â¢s flooded, you know. Great time to buy.â⬠I tried to keep a straight face but couldnââ¬â¢t. ââ¬Å"Were you a real estate agent in another life?â⬠ââ¬Å"No! I just think itââ¬â¢s exciting, thatââ¬â¢s all. I want to help.â⬠ââ¬Å"Okay. I could rent or buy. It would depend on the place.â⬠ââ¬Å"Whatââ¬â¢s your price range? If you donââ¬â¢t mind me asking?â⬠I hesitated, wondering if I should let on to the truth about my finances. I decided it didnââ¬â¢t matter. ââ¬Å"Wellâ⬠¦letââ¬â¢s put it this way. Iââ¬â¢ve got a lot of savings.â⬠ââ¬Å"Fair enough.â⬠Despite the rapid rate she was drinking, there was a sharp, businesslike air to her. ââ¬Å"You want a similar kind of neighborhood? Shops? Restaurants?â⬠ââ¬Å"Yeah, I wouldnââ¬â¢t mind that.â⬠ââ¬Å"Anything else?â⬠ââ¬Å"I told you, I havenââ¬â¢t thought much about it.â⬠She sighed in frustration. ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢ve gotta help me out here. Anything youââ¬â¢ve been wanting for a long time? Something youââ¬â¢ve missed?â⬠Unbidden, a memory of my childhood came to me. The Cyprian town Iââ¬â¢d lived in returned to me in startling clarity, its colors, smells, and airs. ââ¬Å"I grew up around beaches,â⬠I said softly. ââ¬Å"Sun and surf.â⬠I shook myself out of the wistful memory, feeling a bit embarrassed at my dreamy state. ââ¬Å"But Iââ¬â¢m in the wrong place for that.â⬠ââ¬Å"Yeah,â⬠she agreed. ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢d have to move to California for that.â⬠We had another round of drinks and talked about other things, and to my surprise, I had a really great time. I remembered now why I liked Maddie so much. She was so easy to talk to, so funny and smart. I didnââ¬â¢t have a lot of female friends, and there was a big difference between her and the guys I normally hung out with. Women needed other women sometimes. I was signing my credit card bill when Seth walked over to our table. Maddie looked up, beaming. ââ¬Å"Hey, sweetie.â⬠She stood up and kissed him, something that unnerved both Seth and me. All of a sudden, the warm and pleasant feeling that had been building within me shattered. Maddie glanced at me explanatorily. ââ¬Å"I called Seth to get a ride while you were in the bathroom.â⬠I smiled tightly. ââ¬Å"Ah.â⬠Maddie turned back to him. ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re missing out. This place has great drinks. You sure you donââ¬â¢t want to break the rules? We could stay another round.â⬠ââ¬Å"Actually, I need to go,â⬠I said, thinking of few things more agonizing than drinking with the two of them. ââ¬Å"And Iââ¬â¢m not ready to break the rules,â⬠said Seth, avoiding my eyes. ââ¬Å"Besides, Iââ¬â¢ve got work to do.â⬠Maddie looked only moderately disappointed. ââ¬Å"Oh, well. No problem. Let me run to the bathroom, and weââ¬â¢ll go. Weââ¬â¢ll give you a ride, Georgina.â⬠I should have run away then and there, but Maddie dashed off quickly, and I felt it would be rude to leave without saying good-bye to her. Seth sat down in her chair and clasped his hands in front of him. Our usual wall of awkwardness slammed down between us. ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t need a ride,â⬠I said abruptly. Seth glanced up at me. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s a long walk.â⬠ââ¬Å"Not really. Itââ¬â¢s only six blocks.â⬠ââ¬Å"Yeah, but youââ¬â¢ve been drinking.â⬠I scoffed. ââ¬Å"I had two drinks. Iââ¬â¢m hardly going to walk into traffic, if thatââ¬â¢s what youââ¬â¢re worried about.â⬠ââ¬Å"No, but itââ¬â¢s no problem for me. I just want to make sure you get home okay.â⬠It was one of those rare times when his mild mood had been replaced by something more adamant. For whatever reason, that ratcheted up the anger within me. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll be fine,â⬠I snapped. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s not your job to look after me anymore.â⬠ââ¬Å"Georgina, please.â⬠ââ¬Å"Please what? You know Iââ¬â¢m right.â⬠ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re making this into a bigger deal than it is. It doesnââ¬â¢t always have to be about us.â⬠ââ¬Å"Of course it doesâ⬠¦I mean, inasmuch as there is an us. You got out. Iââ¬â¢m not your concern.â⬠ââ¬Å"I can still worry about you. Still care.â⬠I leaned forward, possibly emboldened by my martinis. ââ¬Å"You made it perfectly clear how much you care, and thatââ¬â¢s fine. Iââ¬â¢ve got a whole new life now.â⬠His look turned wry. ââ¬Å"Yeah, your new life seems great.â⬠That incensed me further, largely because I wasnââ¬â¢t really convinced my new life was all that great either. ââ¬Å"It is. I can do whatever I want now. I donââ¬â¢t have to worry about hurting your delicate sensibilities when I sleep with someone or having to modify our dates to boring things that donââ¬â¢t take you out of your comfort zone or interfere with your writing schedule.â⬠It was horrible of me. Mean, mean, mean. I would have expected him to flinch, to look hurt. Instead, he fought back. ââ¬Å"And I donââ¬â¢t have to worry about being hypocritically judged for being both too boring and too risky. I also donââ¬â¢t have to wonder anymore if everything Iââ¬â¢m being told is a half-truth or an outright lie.â⬠That made me flinch. It was also when Maddie showed back up. She tried to cajole me into a ride, but I firmly refused-a bit more harshly than I needed to with her. She looked a little abashed, but I was too upset over Sethââ¬â¢s words to care too much. I left, storming down the hill so hard, it was a wonder my footsteps didnââ¬â¢t make the ground shake. How to cite Succubus Heat CHAPTER 5, Essay examples
Sunday, December 8, 2019
Legal Framework of HRM
Questions: 1. Demonstrate an understanding of the scope, significance and legal framework of HRM in business organisations. 2. Critically examine the factors affecting human motivation in business organisations and how motivation affects standards of performance. 3. Analyse the causes of conflict and alienation at work and evaluate the methods of their resolution Answers: Introduction The following report is prepared on Frisco. Frisco is a reputed global company that enjoys market share and profitability level (Mondy and Mondy 2011). The report stresses on the human resource management of the company. The report shed critical light on the methods employed by the HRs to engage employees and the methods used by them to keep the morale of the employee high. The report analyzes and points out the importance of employees in the organization. It shows the consequences and results of low morale of the employees. The report will show the consequences that can occur due to the inability of the HRs to engage employee and the inability of the employees to address the issues of the employees. Generally, it can be seen that one of the consequences would be low motivation among employees and low productivity. The report critically analyzes the methods and the approach used by the HRs to engage employees and the steps used by them to keep the employees satisfied and motivated. I t studies the skills and functions of the HRs and highlights the role played by them in managing the workforce of the organization. The report also highlights the best approach that can be taken, which will be instrumental in improving and enhancing the motivation and morale of the employees. Task 1 There are several methods that are used by HRs to engage employees and to keep the motivation and the morale of the employees. The methods used by the HRs are: Morning briefing Morning briefing is one of the methods that HRs uses to keep the morale and the motivation of the employees up. In this method, HRs informs the shop floor team about the current development of the day. They inform the shop floor team about the developments and the activities that take place throughout the day. It also conveys the information regarding the latest sales figure of the company. It helps the employee t be aware of the activities and developments taking place within the company. It improves the morale of the employees because the HRs takes the initiative of communicating with the employees and relays vital information of the company that will help the employee to discharge the responsibilities to the best of the abilities. It makes them feel a part of the Frisco family. It brings about a transparency in the operations of the business (Armstrong 2010). The HRs play a vital role in the development of the morale of the employees. They help in affecting the psychology of the e mployees positively. They help the team contribute efficiently. It helps teams to take decisions and undertake a variety of tasks. Bright Ideas- form of employee voice Providing voice to employees is a very important method for improving the morale of the employees. Bright ideas is a form of providing voice to employees. It is an important step, in which an employee is motivated and encourages employees to provide innovative ideas. These innovative ideas by the employees help the company to improve the performance of the company and grow and expand in the future. It involves the participation of the employees in decision making and formulation of the strategies. HRs play a vital role by enabling this method. They give the scope and the opportunity to the employees to exhibit their skills and talent of an employee. It improves the morale of the employee since it helps them to contribute to the success of the company. They enable the employees of the company to take variety of tasks and in the process feel motivated to improve their efficiency that they need to discharge to the company. It also enables them to feel that they are part of the improveme nt of the company. They feel a part of the company. The HRs play a significant role in enriching the job opportunities provided to the employees. They help the employees in identifying their skills and abilities and consequently contribute the development of the employees. It shows effective co-operations between the human resource team and the employees. It embarks on the focus of the HRs on the well being of the employees. Quarterly employee forum Quarterly employee forum refers to the group of employees, who present issues and enable the company to formulate strategies. This enables the employees to undertake important steps to contribute to the efficiency and improvement of the operations of the company. It helps the employees to analyze different situations and issues faced by students and consequently contribute to the development and formulation of strategies that will help the company in tackling difficult issues and situations (Price 2011). This method is used by HRs to improve the morale of the employees, which will help them to feel a part of the organization. It will develop the thinking ability of the employees. The HRs focus on the development of the employee and help employees to develop their skills. They also look after the well being of the employees and enable the employees to undertake difficult tasks in the form of analyzing and formulating solutions and strategies of the company (Mondy and Mondy 2011). Intranet Intranet refers to sharing of information with employees. This method refers to relaying important information to employees that would be critical and very important in improving their productivity, performance and efficiency. It helps the employees to focus on the information that is required by them in handling their responsibilities and duties. It helps them in filtering the information required by them to carry out their information. The HRs play an important by improving the communication with the employees and motivating them to improve their performance (Bratton and Gold 2012). They look after their well-being of the employees and treat them as the vital part of the organization. They improve the morale of the employees and encourage them to undertake a variety of tasks. The HRs pay focus on the development of the employees, co-operate with the employees and indulge in better communication with the employees. This helps the employees to feel motivated and co-operate with the c ompany in achieving the goals and objectives of Frisco. Internal employee magazine It is an important method used for engaging the employees. It is a creative magazine for the employees and helps them to participate and appear in different segments related to the company. It affects the psychology of the employees and makes them feel connected to the company since they can feature or contribute to the magazine (Beardwell and Claydon 2010). It improves the morale of the company and further contributes to the development of the employees. The HRs contribute to the well being of the employees and also provides them with opportunities to get recognized. Task 2 Potential consequences of an organization to address employee engagement issues There are serious consequences, which an organization might face, if they fail to address the employee issues. Engaging employees is of paramount importance for an organization. Employee is an indispensable and strategic force for an organization. Some of the issues that can occur due to the inability of the organization to address such issues are: Low productivity If the employees are not engaged with the organization and do not feel themselves as a part of the organization, then it can adversely affect the motivation and morale of the employees. Low morale of the employees will lead to low productivity. The employees might not have the motivation to work hard and it could result in a dip in the productivity. This could adversely affect the overall the productivity of the organization. It might hinder the smooth functioning of the organization. The low morale of the employees will not allow them to undertake their tasks and discharge it to the best of their abilities. Thus, it will account for low productivity for the employees (Hendry 2012). Inefficient performance Another consequence for the inability of the organization to engage employees is inefficient performance of the employees. If the organization fails to address the employee engagement issues, then the employees will not have sufficient morale and motivation to work hard. They might not be able to connect to the organization and will not take interest in their work. Their work might not be recognized, they might not have enough incentive to work hard or they might not be able to actively participate and connect themselves to the success of the organization. This creates a negative space in the minds of the employees and as a result, they employees will have adversely affected job performance. This will directly affect the performance of the organization. Low performance of the employees will result in poor performance of the organization. This will affect the profitability and the scope of growth and expansion of the company (Mondy and Mondy 2011). Low profitability of the organization Low profitability is a consequence of the inability of the organization to address the employee engagement issues. The low morale and motivation of the employees will render the employees to discharge poor performance and consequently reduce the productivity of the employees. This will directly affect the profitability and performance of the organization. This will account for low profitability of the organization. Profit is the lifeblood of the organization. This will affect the chances of the organization to survive the competition and will hinder the scope of growth and expansion of the organization. Affect the customer and client relationship Low performance and low productivity is a result of low morale and the motivation of the employees. This affects the overall output and the performance of the company. This adversely affects the performance and the profitability of the company. This could severely affect the customer and client relationship between the customers and the organizations. It could present a negative image of the company. The customers could lose their trust and confidence in the organization and it will result in the decline of the customer base of the organization. The root cause of this could be low morale of the employees and this occurs due to the inability of the organization to address the employee engagement issues (Torrington, Hall and Taylor 2008). Labor Turnover and absenteeism One of the consequences of low morale of the employee could be labor turnover and absenteeism. If the employees of the company feel dissatisfied and have lack of interest in the company, then there might high incidents of labor turnover. This will increase the training cost of the organization and will hamper the performance of the organization (Hendry 2012). Task 3 The human resource management uses several methods for employee engagement, which further improves the morale and motivation of the employees. On careful examination, the best methods for having the most impact on employee engagement. Intranet is the best method that the organization can use to improve the morale and motivation of the employees. Intranet will allow the smooth flow of information from the HRs to the employees. This will result in unhindered progress of the employees. It will help them to get information without any issues and this will help them to focus on the issues that would enhance the performance in the company. It removes the barriers in the communication pattern in the company and this positively impact the ability of the employee to undertake variety of task and puts them in a positive frame of mind. It improves efficiency and the productivity of the employees. It is one of the best methods to engage employees and make them feel a part of the organization. It motivates them to increase the productivity since they have the access the information and do not have to follow chains of command to secure important and critical information (Price 2011). The HRs can utilize this to affect the psychology of the employees in a positive way. It makes the employees feel that they belong to a group. It also motivates the employees to improve their performance and consequently enhance and their productivity. It provides the scope for the employees to develop their skills and expertise. It helps in the personal development of the employee since they are able to filter between the information they needs and what they do need (Armstrong 2010). The absence of unnecessary level in the communication pattern helps the employees to discharge their duties and responsibilities. This increases the productivity and performance of the employees. This will improve the profitability and the output of the company. The employees will not feel as if the information is forced on them and this will increase the morale and motivation of the employees, which in turn improves the performance of the employees. Conclusion Human resource management is an important and indispensable element of an organization. They play a critical role in the management of the workforce. In the case of Frisco, the human resource management team plays a vital in employee engagement, which in turn improves the morale and motivation of the employees. The various employee engagement methods like intranet, bright ideas scheme, quarterly employee forum and morning briefing have strong importance and values in improving the performance, behavior and morale of the employee. It highlights the importance of the role of the HRs in tackling the issues faced by employees. Two -way communication, catering to the needs and requirements of the employees, ensuring the development of the employees and cooperating with the employees have paramount importance. It helps the employees connect to the organization and feel that they are a part of the organization. It also allows the employees to feel that their ideas and suggestion help the co mpany and that they contribute to the success of the organization. Intranet is best possible method for Frisco to engage employee and increase their morale. Low morale among employees can cause low productivity and hampered performance, which can affect the profitability and growth of an organization. Bibliography Armstrong, M.2010 Hand book of Human Resource Management Practice 12th edition: Kogan Page ltd. Beardwell, J., Claydon T. 2010 Human Resource Management: a Contemporary Approach 6th edition Harlow: Pearson Education Limited Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Hendry, C., 2012.Human resource management. Routledge. Mondy, R., and Mondy, j. 2011 Human Resource Management 12th Global edition: Pearson Education Price, A. 2011 Human Resource Management 4th edition: South Western Cengage Learning Torrington, D., Hall, L. and Taylor, S.2008 Human Resource Management 7th edition: Harlow Pearson Education Limited
Saturday, November 30, 2019
The effects of trauma on patients and counselors
Trauma is an emotional reaction to a terrible event like rape, earthquake, floods, and accidents among others (Schein, 2006). Traumatic events can be divided into three major subdivisions; man-made disasters, natural disasters, and violence, crime, and terrorism (Schein, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The effects of trauma on patients and counselors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research paper will discuss the effects of trauma on patients and counselors. Traumatic events such as earthquake and rape shall also be discussed in this research paper. Earthquake is a natural disaster that has claimed many lives including the recent 2011 Japan earthquake. Earthquake causes destruction of properties, displacement of people, and deaths. Earthquake causes human suffering and devastation among the directly affected individuals. On the hand, rape is a form of violence and a form of psychological tra uma (Baum and Contrada, 2009). In most cases, rape victims incur disturbance of emotions, physical, cognitive, and interpersonal characteristics (Schein, 2006). Rape victims experience Rape Trauma Syndrome (RTS), which occurs immediately and months or years after the event (Baum and Contrada, 2009). Generally, traumatic events have major heath effects to the directly and indirectly affected people. However, how we process emotions after such traumatic events is distinctive to different people. Most victims develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder especially when they loose family members or friends. Indirectly affected people face acute stress after reading or watching traumatic events on the television and newspapers. Children are most affected because they develop phobias (Schein, 2006). In case natural disaster like floods or earthquake, the survivors may have distressing dreams while children become excessively frightened. Individuals have illusions, hallucinations, and they exper ience flashbacks (Baum and Contrada, 2009).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The victims are unable to have loving feelings, they feel detached from others, and they experience a sense of foreshortened future because they do not have ambitions any more (Schein, 2006). Some of the most persistent symptoms may occur and the victims cannot concentrate, become angry, and experience sleepless nights (Baum and Contrada, 2009). At this point, a counselor may help the victim to overcome the traumatic event. Counselors play the following role. First, counselors make the victims recollect the traumatic events by providing an environment for the victim to share their experience in an honest manner and this is the first step towards healing (Thompson, 2003). Secondly, counselors help the survivor to make decisions about their future based on past and present situation. The counselor also helps the victim to interpret what they are going through since it is the counselorââ¬â¢s responsibility to clarify what the survivor is experiencing without interrogating the victim (Thompson, 2003). As such, a counselor must give the victim time to rest to enable recollection of thoughts. Finally, counselors provide an appropriate solution concerning the traumatic event. In case of an earthquake, the counselor helps the victim to understand that the event did not happen because of their fault (Thompson, 2003). The survivors of the earthquake have to understand that they still have a bright future. The counselors also assist the victim to acquire an emergency shelter in case of displacement. Moreover, the counselor helps the victims come to terms with losing their loved ones by creating an environment to grieve. In addition, the counselor helps the victims to accept what has happened to them in order to start a new life. In case of rape, the counselor should explain to the vict im that they did not do anything to warrant what happened. As such, the counselor helps the victim understand that not all men are going to rape them. This will help the victim to trust other men.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The effects of trauma on patients and counselors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Massive disasters such as floods and tsunami cause vicarious reaction (Schein, 2006). The victims of such events experience anxiety and depression among other emotions including shock, anger, nightmares, grief, and confusion. In such as situation, the victims should go to seek counseling services. Notably, after and during counseling session most counselors experience secondary traumas such as anger, stress and other post-traumatic stress (Thompson, 2003). According to Thompson (2003), counselors with large numbers of victims experience disrupted beliefs and work related stress. Generally, counselo rs who work with survivors of traumas have increased chances of experiencing change in the psychological functioning (Thompson, 2003). The counselors may experience horrors, guilt, rage, grief, and may even lead to burnout (Pearlman and MacIan, 1995). At some point, the relationship between the counselor and victim may be affected. Due to secondary traumas, the counselors may say things that the victim may not be ready to hear. To overcome secondary traumas, the counselors should do the following. Counselors should attend seminars to be educated concerning potential dangers of dealing with victims of trauma events (Pearlman and MacIan, 1995). Secondly, affected counselors should go for training on the signs of secondary traumatic stress and treatment techniques (Thompson, 2003). To solve this, special training should be offered to counselors on how to avoid secondary traumatic stress and other related symptoms. It is also important to educate the student counselors on the nature of their job and potential dangers before they become counselors. In summary, traumatic events have adverse effects to both the client and the counselor. To reduce such cases advanced training is required to all counselors enable them help primary victim and become aware of their emotional state to help in dealing with secondary stress (Pearlman and MacIan, 1995).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Baum, A., Contrada, R. (2009). The Handbook of Stress Science: Biology,à Psychology, and Health. New York: Springer Publishing Company. Pearlman, L., MacIan, P. (1995). Vicarious traumatization: An empirical study of theà effects of trauma work on trauma therapists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 26, 558-565. Schein, L. (2006). Psychological effects of catastrophic disasters: groupà approaches to treatment. New York: Routledge. Thompson, R. (2003). Counseling techniques: improving relationships with others,à ourselves, our families, and our environment. Philadelphia: Psychology Press. This research paper on The effects of trauma on patients and counselors was written and submitted by user Kaleb E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
The History of 7UP and Charles Leiper Grigg
The History of 7UP and Charles Leiper Grigg Charles Leiper Grigg was born in 1868 in Prices Branch, Missouri. As an adult, Grigg moved to St. Louis and started working in advertising and sales, where he was introduced to the carbonated beverage business. How Charles Leiper Grigg Developed 7UP By 1919, Grigg was working for a manufacturing company owned by Vess Jones. It was there that Grigg invented and marketed his first soft drink, an orange-flavored drink called Whistle for a firm owned by Vess Jones. After a dispute with management, Charles Leiper Grigg quit his job (giving away Whistle) and started working for the ââ¬â¹Warner Jenkinson Company, developing flavoring agents for soft drinks. Grigg then invented his second soft drink called Howdy. When he eventually moved on from ââ¬â¹Warner Jenkinson Co., he took his soft drink Howdy with him. Together with financier Edmund G. Ridgway, Grigg went on to form the Howdy Company. So far, Grigg had invented two orange-flavored soft drinks. But his soft drinks struggled against the king of all orange pop drinks, Orange Crush. But he couldnt competeà as Orange Crush grew to dominate the market for orange sodas. Charles Leiper Grigg decided to focus on lemon-lime flavors. By October of 1929, he had invented a new drink called, Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Sodas.à The name was quickly changed to 7Up Lithiated Lemon Soda and then again changed to just plain 7Up in 1936. Grigg died in 1940 at the age of 71 in St. Louis, Missouri, survived by his wife, Lucy E. Alexander Grigg. Lithium in 7UP The original formulation contained lithium citrate, which was used in various patent medicines at the times for improving moods. It has been used for many decades to treat manic-depression. It was popular to go to lithium-containing springs such as Lithia Springs, Georgia or Ashland, Oregon for this effect. Lithium is one of the elements with an atomic number of seven, which some have proposed as a theory for why 7UP has its name.à Grigg never explained the name, but he did promote 7UP as having effects on mood. Because it debuted at the time of the stock market crash of 1929 and the onset of the Great Depression, this was a selling point. The reference to lithia remained in the name until 1936.à Lithium citrate was removed from 7UP in 1948 when the government banned its use in soft drinks. Other problematic ingredients included calcium disodium EDTA which was removed in 2006, and at that time potassium citrate replaced sodium citrate to lower the sodium content. The company website notes that it contains no fruit juice. 7UP Goes on Westinghouse took over 7UP in 1969. It then was sold to Philip Morris in 1978, a marriage of soft drinks and tobacco. The investment firm Hicks Haas bought it in 1986. 7UP merged with Dr. Pepperà in 1988. Now a combined company, it was bought by Cadbury Schweppes in 1995, a more likely marriage of chocolates and soft drinks. That company spun off the Dr. Pepper Snapple Group in 2008.
Friday, November 22, 2019
How Will Outreach Marketing Make You More Successful
How Will Outreach Marketing Make You More Successful The story of the ââ¬Å"greatâ⬠blogger with ââ¬Å"greatâ⬠content but no traffic is a common one. Your excuse may be that youre blogging as a hobby, maintaining an online journal just for fun, or not in it for the money. But who are you kidding? Be honest with yourself- if you wanted to journal and didnââ¬â¢t care about having an audience, it would have been easier to write in a diary or Word doc. If you didnt care about an audience, you would have written a diary. #blogoutreachSo, you want traffic, right? Even if you arenââ¬â¢t blogging with the intention of building a million-dollar blog, itââ¬â¢s nice to have your ideas, words, and hard work appreciated. The unfortunate thing is that this idea of ââ¬Å"content is kingâ⬠has got you believing that, if you write amazing content, the traffic will somehow find you and because of this, youââ¬â¢ve been producing a post or two a day for the last 6 to 12 months. While you havenââ¬â¢t wasted your time, this strategy is incomplete. Whether or not you run your blog like a business, you need to strategize like a business. Focusing on your ââ¬Å"productâ⬠with no investment in marketing is like a business sourcing materials, manufacturing 100,000 widgets, storing the inventory in a warehouse, and then wondering why the customers havenââ¬â¢t been buying the product. Not all is lost, however. You have tons of great blog posts already published and now you need to find the right bloggers or audience to share it with. Link Building Strategies: Guest Blogging And Outreach Marketing Unless youââ¬â¢re already recognized as an authority or have thousands of readers a day, a passive form of content marketing isnââ¬â¢t going to work. Instead, your link building campaign must take two forms- guest blogging and outreach marketing. For purposes of link building in this article, let me define guest blogging and outreach marketing: Guest blogging is contributing a blog post to a publication. Outreach marketing is requesting that a blogger link to your content from an existing or upcoming post. Any effective link building campaign should, at the minimum, incorporate a combination of these two tactics. But how do you decide where to leverage each one? Guest blogging Guest blogging should be reserved for highly-relevant, powerful authority sites. This is because, as an individual blogger or one part of a small team, you donââ¬â¢t have the resources (time, energy, money, opportunity cost, etc.) to contribute to every single guest posting opportunity. You have to pick and choose where your resources will yield the greatest results. The obvious example is that you would make a concerted effort to contribute to the Blog, whereas a smaller, lesser-known blog might get a pitch to be included in next monthââ¬â¢s roundup. Prioritize your guest blogging opportunities. #marketingtipsFinding guest blogging opportunities. To evaluate a blog, you must find relevant ones. This is really the easiest task of all because whose job is it to return relevant blogs? Googleââ¬â¢s! However, you need to be specific. If your blog is about ââ¬Å"personal financeâ⬠, you wouldnââ¬â¢t try to reach out to CNN, Yahoo Finance, Wall Street Journal, or Bloomberg, which happen to be some of the top results for that keyword search. Instead, pick a related, niche topic such as ââ¬Å"how to become financially independentâ⬠and open up every website in the first 300 results (maybe not all at once). Just remember that, as you work through this guide, it will benefit you to repeat the following process multiple times with different keywords to find the greatest number of bloggers to contact. To find the best guest blogging opportunities, search for one that is relevant and in your niche.Evaluating blogs. To determine if a website is worth guest blogging, donââ¬â¢t bother with the standard PageRank and domain authority (DA) metrics. PageRank hasnââ¬â¢t been updated since December 2013 and doesnââ¬â¢t seem to have the weight it once did in Googleââ¬â¢s algorithm. Furthermore, as a third-party metric developed by Moz, DA is easily manipulated. For example, Iââ¬â¢ve come across dozens of penalized sites with high domain authority, and I view penalized sites as essentially useless for SEO purposes. If Google penalizes a site and takes away its traffic, it is effectively stripping the strength of that domain, so why get a link from one? Beware of link sellers and SEOââ¬â¢s selling links on crappy high DA sites. Forget DAà and PageRank to find guesting opps. Organic traffic isà better.Ultimately, the best indication of a blogââ¬â¢s strength is the amount of traffic Google sends to it via organic rankings, making SEMrush my favorite SEO tool. Just enter the blog you are interested in contributing to, choose ââ¬Å"Positionsâ⬠under the ââ¬Å"Organic Researchâ⬠tab on the left, and click on ââ¬Å"All timeâ⬠in the ââ¬Å"Organic keywordsâ⬠section. If you find a level or upward trend, the blog is trusted by Google. Hereââ¬â¢s a blog that ranks for nearly 10,000 keywords and is one you would likely be interested in earning a link from: This is a great blog to prioritize for guest blogging opportunities. Note that thisà blog has been around for at least 4 years and enjoyed gradual growth until recently exploding with traffic. Thatââ¬â¢s the kind of blog you should want to be featured on. However, if this blog only had a 6-month history, now that might be a red flag indicating black hat SEO. And while you may get a temporary boost in rankings by guest posting on a site like that, it might be short-lived and thus a waste of your time because the goal is to build a strong, sustainable, long-term business model even if it takes more time and energy. An example of a blog to avoid may have a chart like this: Google penalized this blog, so it's probably not worth your time to send them a guest post. As you can see, this blog was hit by a penalty in late 2011 and has slowly been losing its keyword rankings. Not all penalized domains will demonstrate an obvious trend like this one, but anytime you see a huge drop in traffic and no recovery, the blog is in decline. This doesnââ¬â¢t necessarily make it unworthy of contributing to, assuming the traffic hasnââ¬â¢t finally reached 0; it just means it isnââ¬â¢t a priority right now. Save it for a lull period when you want to tie up loose ends. Guest blog vs. outreach: How to decide? Once youââ¬â¢ve decided a blog is worth reaching out to, you must determine your approach. There arenââ¬â¢t strict rules for pitching a specific blog; it really depends on a number of factors, such as: How many keywords is the domain ranking for? How relevant is the blog to my target audience? Is there a ââ¬Å"Guest Postâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Contributor Guidelinesâ⬠, or ââ¬Å"Write For Usâ⬠page? If so, how demanding are the guidelines? Does the author link out often? If so, are the links dofollow? How commercial does the site look? For me, a domain needs to rank for at least 300 keywords or have a large, loyal following (subscribers or social media) to be worth investing hours writing content. The bigger the blog, the more time you should invest in making your contribution absolutely memorable because eventually, your portfolio of work will be your future credentials in email pitches. Guest blogging guidelines:à Blogs must rank for 300 keywords or haveà loyal following.On the other hand, if a blog is weak, youââ¬â¢re better off pitching the blogger on giving you a quick link by asking them to check out your content. Hereà is a template of the email pitch I use: Here's a template you could follow for outreach marketing. Ask a fellow blogger to include a link to your relevant content. To make this feasible, the page you ask them to check out and possibly link to must be impeccable. Your content has to be extremely unique and insightful, your graphics need to be beautiful and vibrant, or you need to find some way to make a strong emotional connection with the blogger. The page must offer exceptional value to the bloggerââ¬â¢s readers to convince him/her to share your resource; otherwise, you are wasting your time. Choosing the right content to promote. Iââ¬â¢ve never been a prolific blogger. In fact, I probably donââ¬â¢t build ââ¬Å"blogsâ⬠the way traditional bloggers do because I donââ¬â¢t develop content on a daily or even weekly basis. Since I create and grow so many websites, I focus on writing content where it makes strategic sense. There isnââ¬â¢t an exact formula for that, but Iââ¬â¢ll use my latest project as an example. After 5 years of being a full-time Internet marketer and SEO expert, I finally thought it was time for me to start sharing my Internet marketing and SEO knowledge. I created StartABlog123.com to teach beginners how to start a blog. Given that the competition in the all-encompassing ââ¬Å"bloggingâ⬠niche is intense, it was important that I make my content stand out. This meant comprehensive non-commercial content, useful guides and resources, custom images, infographics, etc. For instance, I noticed a lot of solo bloggers discussing burn out, not knowing what to write about anymore, and linking to other resources that helped blog owners come up with new ideas. Knowing there was a ââ¬Å"marketâ⬠for this type of content, so I created the ââ¬Å"Ultimate List of Blog Post Ideasâ⬠.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Research J 5.4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Research J 5.4 - Essay Example The attributes of these variables are exhaustive and mutually exclusive and is the weakest level of measurement. The elements are not assumed that one is greater than the other. In criminal justice, nominal measure has limited knowledge. For example, when determining whether an offender is driven to crime by lifestyle or place they were brought up (Bayens & Roberson, 2010). Ordinal measurements variables are ranked in a particular order. Examples include occupation of persons, level of crime and police opinion. Ordinal measure satisfies the exclusiveness and exhaustiveness requirements. For example, we can group criminals according to arrests types made. Muggers, car thefts, house break-ins and murderers can be in different groups. These ranking of events give a representation of an ordinal order. It is irrelevant where the arrest was made, whether miles away or in proximity (Maxfield & Babbie, 2012). Interval measure assumes that categories are different and can be ranked and ordered. The distance between the numbers from one to another have some meaning. For example, a criminal with ten arrests and another with two arrests, the interval measure between the criminals, we can conclude that the first criminal has a more serious crime record than the second one. Ratio scale gives the highest scale of measurement. The categories must be rank ordered and different. The variable categories must be capable of being compared by the use of ratios with other categories. These variables must have meaning of the distance between categories. For example, if an offender is arrested four times in a given period and another twice in the same period, the latter is arrested twice as many times as the former (Hagan, 2013). The reason I would prefer ratio scale to other levels of measurement is that, it carries more information. It is used in comparison with another range of categories of numbers or ratios. Most researchers use ratio scale in reporting and
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